Cytological studies revealed that for a number of coffee genotypes (Timor Hybrid derivatives) the resistance to Ck was characterized by restricted fungal growth associated with the hypersensitive response (HR) and early accumulation of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, lignification of host cell walls and an increased activity of oxidative enzymes, such as peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases. 
 

RNA Illumina sequencing approach was used to characterize the transcriptional profile of two coffee genotypes, respectively resistant and susceptible to C. kahawae, revealing differentially expressed genes in key steps such as recognition and signaling/defense in the infection/resistance process. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds were differentially expressed in the resistant genotype. Genes putatively associated with Ck’s switch to necrotrophy were also identified in the susceptible genotype.
 

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